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Rock Physics — Fundamentals

Byadmin

Rock Physics — Fundamentals

Introduction

Rock physics links seismic data to geological properties. It explains how rocks respond to stress, fluids, and seismic waves, forming the foundation of AVO, inversion, and reservoir characterization.

1. What Is Rock Physics?

Rock physics studies the relationships between:

  • Elastic properties

  • Lithology

  • Porosity

  • Fluids

  • Pressure

It connects seismic measurements to reservoir properties and provides the framework for quantitative interpretation.

2. Key Rock Physics Concepts

A. Elastic Moduli

  • Bulk modulus

  • Shear modulus

  • Young’s modulus

These describe how rocks deform under stress.

B. Density

Controls acoustic impedance and reflectivity.

C. Vp/Vs Ratio

Highly sensitive to lithology and fluid content.

3. Rock Physics Models

A. Gassmann’s Equation

Predicts fluid‑substitution effects.

B. Hertz–Mindlin Model

Describes unconsolidated or weakly cemented sands.

C. Hashin–Shtrikman Bounds

Define theoretical limits for elastic properties.

D. Differential Effective Medium (DEM) Models

Simulate pore geometry and rock fabric.

4. Applications

  • AVO interpretation

  • Inversion calibration

  • Fluid detection

  • Lithology prediction

  • Geomechanics

Rock physics provides the quantitative link between seismic data and geological meaning.

Conclusion

Rock physics is essential for connecting seismic data to geology. It underpins modern reservoir characterization and quantitative interpretation, enabling interpreters to predict lithology, fluids, and rock properties with confidence.

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